Enzyme Substrates and Kits for Lipase

Lipases are a family of enzymes including cholesterol esterases and glycerol ester hydrolases that release fatty acids from triacylglycerols in a site-specific manner. Most lipases have optimum activity for the primary ester groups of triglycerides, while some lipases remove fatty acyl groups from either the C-1 or C-3 acyl positions. The substrate is typically not a single molecule, but a non-aqueous phase of aggregated lipid. Fuorescent triglyceride substrates also have applications in other areas including micelle and membrane labeling, fluorescence energy transfer experiments, and membrane fluidity studies.

Product ID Product Name Description
M0258 1,2-Dioleoyl-3-(pyren-1-yl) decanoyl-rac-Glycerol  The fluorescent triacylglycerol 1,2-dioleoyl-3-(1-pyren-1-yl)decanoyl-rac-glycerol includes a pyrenedecanoic acid as one of the three fatty acyl residues of a natural triacylglycerol which forms excimers in vivo. Upon enzyme activity, the pyrenedecanoic acid monomer is cleaved, resulting in decreased excimer fluorescence. Pyrene triacylglycerols are useful for measuring cholesteryl ester transfer, protein-mediated triacylglycerol transport between plasma lipoproteins, and have also been found to be excellent substrates for lipoprotein lipase and hepatic triacylglycerol lipase. 
M0329 3-Dansylaminophenylboronic acid  Fluorescent labeling agent for cis-diols (sugars) at high pH values on cell surfaces and in vitro for carbohydrate determination in glycoproteins and for HPLC analysis of sugars. The fluorescence emission of the Dansyl fluorophore is environmentally sensitive. M0329 is also known to be an active site inhibitor for lipases. 
M0522 4-(Trifluoromethyl) umbelliferyl oleate  Fluorescent substrate for use in detection of intracellular and in vitro lipase activity. 
M0612 MarkerGeneTM Fluorescent Lipase Assay Kit  The Lipase Assay Kit allows fast and easy measurement of lipase activity in vitro, in cell preparations or in vivo using the fluorescent fatty acid substrate 1,2-dioleoyl-3-(pyren-1-yl)decanoyl-rac-glycerol (Product M0258)
M1208 Resorufin Oleate  Fluorogenic substrate with red emission for use in detection of intracellular and in vitro lipase activity. 
M1214 MarkerGeneTM Long Wavelength Fluorescent Lipase Assay Kit  The Long Wavelength Fluorescent Lipase Assay Kit allows fast and easy measurement of lipase activity in vitro, in cell preparations or in vivo using the substrate resorufin oleate. 
M1249 Dansyl-11-aminoundecanoic acid  Dansyl-11-aminoundecanoic acid is an ambiphilic probe that has a polar, environmentally-sensitive dansyl fluorophore attached to a long chain fatty acid. The polar dansyl headgroup partitions to the surface of lipid bilayer membranes while the fatty acid portion embeds into lipid bilayers or can attach to fatty acid carrier protein lipidic environments. It has been found that dansyl-11-aminoundecanoic acid exhibits up to a 60-fold fluorescence enhancement and a shift to shorter emission wavelengths on binding to certain proteins (EX 335 nm; EM 519 nm). This property has been exploited to analyze fatty acid binding proteins and also to develop several fluorometric lipase assays, including phospholipase assays based on competitive fatty acid displacement from fatty acid binding proteins.  
M1296 8-Octanoyloxypyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid trisodium salt  The highly polar, highly water soluble lipase substrate octanoyl pyrenetrisulfonic acid, tri-sodium salt (M1296) is a derivative of HPTS (pyranine) that forms tight micelles in aqueous solutions. Alkyl esters of HPTS (sometimes called Cascade Blue) are well known for their substrate ability to measure esterase activity. Longer chain derivatives function as lipase substrates. Lipase activity can be measured by monitoring the sensitive fluorescence kinetics following the increase in emission of product HPTS (hydroxypyrene trisulfonic acid) as a function of time. The activity of a number of lipases have been measured using this substrate including wheat germ lipase, candida cylindracea lipase as well as carboxylic ester hydrolase and acylase 1. Because of its relatively low pKa value (7.3) under assay conditions, it is partially dissociated to form an anion that shows strong absorption maximizing at 460 nm and fluoresces with very high quantum yield and maximum intensity at 520 nm. Unfortunately, when excited between 440 and 480 nm, the fluorescence intensity is dependent on the pH of the solution, which requires careful pH control. However, when excited at 415 nm (the isosbestic point), no pH dependence of fluorescence intensity at 520 nm is noted.  
     
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